Blood group phenotypes

Major blood group phenotypes and their frequencies

ISBT number/system name/[system symbol]

001 ABO [ABO]
Phenotype% Frequency
A134.9
B14.0
O46.6
AB4.5
002 MNS [MNS]
Phenotype% Frequency
MMSS6
MMss9.1
MMSs14.4
MNSS3
MNss23.3
MNSs22.7
NNSS0.4
NNss15.6
NNSs5.5
003 P1PK [P1PK]
Phenotype% Frequency
P1+74.8
P1-25.2
004 Rh [RH]
Phenotype% Frequency
See Rh phenotypes 
005 Lutheran [LU]
Phenotype% Frequency
Lu(a+b–)0.2
Lu(a–b+)92.3
Lu(a+b+)7.5
Lu(a–b–)Rare
006 Kell [KEL]
Phenotype% Frequency
K– k+90.9
K+ k–0.4
K+ k+8.7
Kp(a+b–)<0.1
Kp(a–b+)97.8
Kp(a+b+)2.2
007 Lewis [LE]
Phenotype% Frequency
Le(a+b–)22.4
Le(a–b+)72.3
Le(a–b–)5.3
008 Duffy [FY]
Phenotype% Frequency
Fy(a+b–)19.7
Fy(a–b+)32.7
Fy(a+b+)47.6
Fy(a–b–)very rare
009 Kidd [JK]
Phenotype% Frequency
Jk(a+b–)26.3
Jk(a–b+)23.6
Jk(a+b+)50.1
Jk(a–b–)rare
010 Diego [DI]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Di(a+b–)<0.01
Di(a-b+)>99.9
Di(a+b+)<0.1
Wr(a+)<0.01
Wr(b+)High incidence
011 Yt [YT]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Yt(a+b–)91.9
Yt(a–b+)0.3
Yt(a+b+)7.8
012 Xg [XG]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Xg(a+)Male-65.6
 Female-88.7
Xg(a–)Male-34.4
 Female-11.3
013 Scianna [SC]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Sc:1,–299
Sc:–1,2Rare
Sc:1,21
Sc:1,–2,Rd+Rare
Sc:1,–2,Rd+Rare
014 Dombrock [DO]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Do(a+b–)18
Do(a–b+)33
Do(a+b+)49
Gy(a–)Rare
015 Colton [CO]
Phenotype% Frequency
Co(a+b–)90
Co(a–b+)0.5
Co(a+b+)9.5
016 Landsteiner-Wiener [LW]*
Phenotype% Frequency
LW(a+b–)97
LW(a–b+)Rare
LW(a+b+)3
017 Chido/Rogers [CH/RG]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Chido phenotype 
CH/RG: 1,2,388.2
CH/RG: 1,–2,34.9
CH/RG: 1,2,–33.1
CH/RG: –1,–2,–33.8
CH/RG: –1,2,-3Rare
CH/RG: 1,–2,–3Rare
Rodgers phenotype  
CH/RG: 11,1295
CH/RG: 11,–123
CH/RG: –11,–122
018 H [H]*
Phenotype% Frequency
HHigh incidence
019 Kx [XK]*
Phenotype% Frequency
KxHigh incidence
020 Gerbich [GE]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Ge:2,3,4>99.9 
Ge:–2,3,4 (Yus type)Rare
Ge:–2,–3,4 (Gerbich type)Rare
Ge:–2,–3,–4 (Leach)Rare
021 Cromer [CROM]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Cra, Tca, Dra, EsaHigh Incidence
Tcb, Tcc, WESaLow incidence
022 Knops [KN]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Kn(a+b–)94.5
Kn(a–b+)1
Kn(a+b+)4.5
Kn(a+b+)98
Sl(a+)98
Yk(a+)92
023 Indian [IN]*
Phenotype% Frequency
In(a+b–)Rare
In(a–b+)99.9
In(a+b+)<0.1
024 Ok [OK]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Ok(a+)100
Ok(a–)Rare
025 Raph [RAPH]*
Phenotype% Frequency
MER292
026 John Milton Hagen [JMH]*
Phenotype% Frequency
JMHHigh incidence
027 I [I]*
Phenotype% Frequency
IHigh incidence
028 Globoside [GLOB]*
Phenotype% Frequency
PHigh incidence
029 Gill [GILL]*
Phenotype% Frequency
GILHigh incidence
030 Rh-associated glycoprotein [RHAG]*
Phenotype% Frequency
DuclosHigh incidence
031 FORS [FORS]*
Phenotype% Frequency
High incidenceLow incidence
032 JR [JR]*
Phenotype% Frequency
JraHigh incidence
033 LAN [LAN]*
Phenotype% Frequency
LanHigh incidence
034 Vel [VEL]*
Phenotype% Frequency
VelHigh incidence
035 CD59*
Phenotype% Frequency
CD59.1High incidence
036 Augustine [AUG]*
Phenotype% Frequency
AUG1 
AUG2>99%
037 Kanno [KANNO]*
Phenotype% Frequency
KANNO1 
038 SID [SID]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Sd(a+)90%
Sd(a-)10%
039 CTL2 [CTL2]*
Phenotype% Frequency
VERHigh incidence
RIFHigh incidence
040 PEL [PEL]*
Phenotype% Frequency
PELHigh incidence
041 MAM [MAM]*
Phenotype% Frequency
MAMHigh incidence
042 EMM [EMM]*
Phenotype% Frequency
EmmHigh incidence
043 ABCC1 [ABCC1]*
Phenotype% Frequency
  

Antigen Collections (series 200)*

205 Cost [COST]*
Phenotype% Frequency
Csa95%
Csb34%
207 li [I]*
Phenotype% Frequency
I<1
208 Er [ER]
Phenotype% Frequency
Era>99
Erb<1
Er3>99
210
Phenotype% Frequency
Lec1
Led6
213 [MN CHO]
Phenotype% Frequency
HU 
M1 
Tm 
Can 
Sext 
Sj 

Low incidence antigens (700 series)*

Phenotype% Frequency
By, Chra, Bi, Bxa, Pta, Rea, Jea , Lia, Milne, RASM, JFV, Kg, JONES, HJK, HOFM, REIT<1

High incidence antigens (901 series)*

Phenotype% Frequency
AnWj, ABTI, LKE>90

Note: Unless indicated, frequencies are based on blood group statistics of Australian blood donors.

* Frequency typically is based on data from Caucasian populations, however variations do exist for some phenotypes in different ethnic groups.

Rh phenotypes

D antigen frequency is highest in Asians (99%) and Black populations (92%) but less frequent in Caucasian populations (85%).

Most D positive phenotypes have a conventional D antigen, however, variations in antigen structure can result in either a weak D or partial D phenotype (1-2% of Caucasians).  

Clinically, weak D individuals of types 1, 2, 3, 4.0, 4.1 and 5 can be treated as D positive and be transfused with D positive red cells. However, patients with weak type 4.2-11 and 15 should be treated as D negative and transfused with D negative red cells as they can form anti-D if exposed to D positive red cells.  

Partial D individuals can have different epitope expression and induce specific antibody production. As a result, they should be considered D negative and transfused with D negative red cells.   

 

Classification of Rh phenotype and genotype

Serology results from testing red cells with the five main Rh anti-sera, the Rh phenotype and probable RH genotype are shown in the following table:

Rh positive

Serology results and 

combined data

Phenotype

Probable 

genotype

Shorthand

symbol

Approximate % frequency

in Australia

Other possible 

genotypes

D+ C+ E- c+ e+CcDeeCDe/cde R1r35.3CDe/cDe 
cDe/Cde
D+ C+ E- c- e+CCDeeCDe/CDeR1R117.3CDe/Cde
D+ C+ E+ c+ e+  CcDEeCDe/cDER1R213.5CDe/cdE  
cDE/Cde  
CDE/cde  
cDe/CDE  
cDe/CdE
D+ C- E+ c+ e+ccDEecDE/cde R2r12.3cDE/cDe  
cDe/cdE
D+ C- E+ c+ e-ccDEEcDE/cDE R2R22.3cDE/cdE
D+ C- E- c+ e+ccDeecDe/cdeR0r1.7cDe/cDe
Rh negative

Serology results and

combined data

Phenotype

Probable

genotype

Shorthand

symbol

Approximate % frequency

in Australia

Other possible

genotypes

D- C- E- c+ e+ccdeecde/cde rr16.4 
D- C+ E- c+ e+CcdeeccdEer’r0.4 
D- C- E+ c+ e+ccdEecdE/cder”r0.7 

Notes: Frequencies are based on blood group statistics of Australian blood donors. Cells giving a positive reaction with anti-C may be further subdivided by testing with anti-Cw; Other Rh genotypes may be found but all have a frequency of <0.2%.

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