Blood group phenotypes
Major blood group phenotypes and their frequencies
ISBT number/system name/[system symbol]
- 001 ABO [ABO]
Phenotype % Frequency A1 34.9 B 14.0 O 46.6 AB 4.5 - 002 MNS [MNS]
Phenotype % Frequency MMSS 6 MMss 9.1 MMSs 14.4 MNSS 3 MNss 23.3 MNSs 22.7 NNSS 0.4 NNss 15.6 NNSs 5.5 - 003 P1PK [P1PK]
Phenotype % Frequency P1+ 74.8 P1- 25.2 - 004 Rh [RH]
Phenotype % Frequency See Rh phenotypes - 005 Lutheran [LU]
Phenotype % Frequency Lu(a+b–) 0.2 Lu(a–b+) 92.3 Lu(a+b+) 7.5 Lu(a–b–) Rare - 006 Kell [KEL]
Phenotype % Frequency K– k+ 90.9 K+ k– 0.4 K+ k+ 8.7 Kp(a+b–) <0.1 Kp(a–b+) 97.8 Kp(a+b+) 2.2 - 007 Lewis [LE]
Phenotype % Frequency Le(a+b–) 22.4 Le(a–b+) 72.3 Le(a–b–) 5.3 - 008 Duffy [FY]
Phenotype % Frequency Fy(a+b–) 19.7 Fy(a–b+) 32.7 Fy(a+b+) 47.6 Fy(a–b–) very rare - 009 Kidd [JK]
Phenotype % Frequency Jk(a+b–) 26.3 Jk(a–b+) 23.6 Jk(a+b+) 50.1 Jk(a–b–) rare - 010 Diego [DI]*
Phenotype % Frequency Di(a+b–) <0.01 Di(a-b+) >99.9 Di(a+b+) <0.1 Wr(a+) <0.01 Wr(b+) High incidence - 011 Yt [YT]*
Phenotype % Frequency Yt(a+b–) 91.9 Yt(a–b+) 0.3 Yt(a+b+) 7.8 - 012 Xg [XG]*
Phenotype % Frequency Xg(a+) Male-65.6 Female-88.7 Xg(a–) Male-34.4 Female-11.3 - 013 Scianna [SC]*
Phenotype % Frequency Sc:1,–2 99 Sc:–1,2 Rare Sc:1,2 1 Sc:1,–2,Rd+ Rare Sc:1,–2,Rd+ Rare - 014 Dombrock [DO]*
Phenotype % Frequency Do(a+b–) 18 Do(a–b+) 33 Do(a+b+) 49 Gy(a–) Rare - 015 Colton [CO]
Phenotype % Frequency Co(a+b–) 90 Co(a–b+) 0.5 Co(a+b+) 9.5 - 016 Landsteiner-Wiener [LW]*
Phenotype % Frequency LW(a+b–) 97 LW(a–b+) Rare LW(a+b+) 3 - 017 Chido/Rogers [CH/RG]*
Phenotype % Frequency Chido phenotype CH/RG: 1,2,3 88.2 CH/RG: 1,–2,3 4.9 CH/RG: 1,2,–3 3.1 CH/RG: –1,–2,–3 3.8 CH/RG: –1,2,-3 Rare CH/RG: 1,–2,–3 Rare Rodgers phenotype CH/RG: 11,12 95 CH/RG: 11,–12 3 CH/RG: –11,–12 2 - 018 H [H]*
Phenotype % Frequency H High incidence - 019 Kx [XK]*
Phenotype % Frequency Kx High incidence - 020 Gerbich [GE]*
Phenotype % Frequency Ge:2,3,4 >99.9 Ge:–2,3,4 (Yus type) Rare Ge:–2,–3,4 (Gerbich type) Rare Ge:–2,–3,–4 (Leach) Rare - 021 Cromer [CROM]*
Phenotype % Frequency Cra, Tca, Dra, Esa High Incidence Tcb, Tcc, WESa Low incidence - 022 Knops [KN]*
Phenotype % Frequency Kn(a+b–) 94.5 Kn(a–b+) 1 Kn(a+b+) 4.5 Kn(a+b+) 98 Sl(a+) 98 Yk(a+) 92 - 023 Indian [IN]*
Phenotype % Frequency In(a+b–) Rare In(a–b+) 99.9 In(a+b+) <0.1 - 024 Ok [OK]*
Phenotype % Frequency Ok(a+) 100 Ok(a–) Rare - 025 Raph [RAPH]*
Phenotype % Frequency MER2 92 - 026 John Milton Hagen [JMH]*
Phenotype % Frequency JMH High incidence - 027 I [I]*
Phenotype % Frequency I High incidence - 028 Globoside [GLOB]*
Phenotype % Frequency P High incidence - 029 Gill [GILL]*
Phenotype % Frequency GIL High incidence - 030 Rh-associated glycoprotein [RHAG]*
Phenotype % Frequency Duclos High incidence - 031 FORS [FORS]*
Phenotype % Frequency High incidence Low incidence - 032 JR [JR]*
Phenotype % Frequency Jra High incidence - 033 LAN [LAN]*
Phenotype % Frequency Lan High incidence - 034 Vel [VEL]*
Phenotype % Frequency Vel High incidence - 035 CD59*
Phenotype % Frequency CD59.1 High incidence - 036 Augustine [AUG]*
Phenotype % Frequency AUG1 AUG2 >99% - 037 Kanno [KANNO]*
Phenotype % Frequency KANNO1 - 038 SID [SID]*
Phenotype % Frequency Sd(a+) 90% Sd(a-) 10% - 039 CTL2 [CTL2]*
Phenotype % Frequency VER High incidence RIF High incidence - 040 PEL [PEL]*
Phenotype % Frequency PEL High incidence - 041 MAM [MAM]*
Phenotype % Frequency MAM High incidence - 042 EMM [EMM]*
Phenotype % Frequency Emm High incidence - 043 ABCC1 [ABCC1]*
Phenotype % Frequency
Antigen Collections (series 200)*
- 205 Cost [COST]*
Phenotype % Frequency Csa 95% Csb 34% - 207 li [I]*
Phenotype % Frequency I <1 - 208 Er [ER]
Phenotype % Frequency Era >99 Erb <1 Er3 >99 - 210
Phenotype % Frequency Lec 1 Led 6 - 213 [MN CHO]
Phenotype % Frequency HU M1 Tm Can Sext Sj
Low incidence antigens (700 series)*
| Phenotype | % Frequency |
|---|---|
| By, Chra, Bi, Bxa, Pta, Rea, Jea , Lia, Milne, RASM, JFV, Kg, JONES, HJK, HOFM, REIT | <1 |
High incidence antigens (901 series)*
| Phenotype | % Frequency |
|---|---|
| AnWj, ABTI, LKE | >90 |
Note: Unless indicated, frequencies are based on blood group statistics of Australian blood donors.
* Frequency typically is based on data from Caucasian populations, however variations do exist for some phenotypes in different ethnic groups.
Rh phenotypes
D antigen frequency is highest in Asians (99%) and Black populations (92%) but less frequent in Caucasian populations (85%).
Most D positive phenotypes have a conventional D antigen, however, variations in antigen structure can result in either a weak D or partial D phenotype (1-2% of Caucasians).
Clinically, weak D individuals of types 1, 2, 3, 4.0, 4.1 and 5 can be treated as D positive and be transfused with D positive red cells. However, patients with weak type 4.2-11 and 15 should be treated as D negative and transfused with D negative red cells as they can form anti-D if exposed to D positive red cells.
Partial D individuals can have different epitope expression and induce specific antibody production. As a result, they should be considered D negative and transfused with D negative red cells.
Classification of Rh phenotype and genotype
Serology results from testing red cells with the five main Rh anti-sera, the Rh phenotype and probable RH genotype are shown in the following table:
- Rh positive
Serology results and
combined data
Phenotype Probable
genotype
Shorthand
symbol
Approximate % frequency
in Australia
Other possible
genotypes
D+ C+ E- c+ e+ CcDee CDe/cde R1r 35.3 CDe/cDe
cDe/CdeD+ C+ E- c- e+ CCDee CDe/CDe R1R1 17.3 CDe/Cde D+ C+ E+ c+ e+ CcDEe CDe/cDE R1R2 13.5 CDe/cdE
cDE/Cde
CDE/cde
cDe/CDE
cDe/CdED+ C- E+ c+ e+ ccDEe cDE/cde R2r 12.3 cDE/cDe
cDe/cdED+ C- E+ c+ e- ccDEE cDE/cDE R2R2 2.3 cDE/cdE D+ C- E- c+ e+ ccDee cDe/cde R0r 1.7 cDe/cDe - Rh negative
Serology results and
combined data
Phenotype Probable
genotype
Shorthand
symbol
Approximate % frequency
in Australia
Other possible
genotypes
D- C- E- c+ e+ ccdee cde/cde rr 16.4 D- C+ E- c+ e+ Ccdee ccdEe r’r 0.4 D- C- E+ c+ e+ ccdEe cdE/cde r”r 0.7
Notes: Frequencies are based on blood group statistics of Australian blood donors. Cells giving a positive reaction with anti-C may be further subdivided by testing with anti-Cw; Other Rh genotypes may be found but all have a frequency of <0.2%.
