Technologies
Technologies for various testing including HLA/HPA genotyping, HLA/HPA antibody detection and identification and lymphocyte crossmatching has been outlined in this section. Click on the below links for further information.
Genotyping and serological testing
- High-resolution HLA typing
Class I: HLA-A, B, C
Class II: HLA-DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQA1/DQB1, DPA1/DPB1
Technology Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).
Amplifies and sequences entire HLA genes, providing allele level results.
Indications Solid organ transplantation, stem cell transplantation, platelet refractoriness, TIS external testing contracts (Projects) Testing schedule Samples are processed in batches starting every 1-2 business days at VTIS/NTIS and every 3-5 business days at SATIS. Email or phone laboratory if urgent processing is required. Testing turnaround times* Testing TAT*
10 working days or per clinical/contractual requirement
- Low-intermediate resolution HLA typing
Class I: HLA-A, B, C
Class II: HLA-DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQA1/DQB1, DPA1/DPB1
Technology LABType Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide (SSO) typing.
Amplifies HLA alleles and uses sequence specific probes to bind to complementary DNA sequences of selected exons, providing CWD allele results.
Indications Solid organ transplantation, stem cell transplantation, immunogenetics/disease association, platelet refractoriness, TIS external testing contracts (Projects) Testing schedule Samples are processed in batches every 1-2 business days. Email or phone laboratory if urgent processing is required. Testing turnaround times* Testing TAT*
6 working days or per clinical/contractual requirement
Technology RealTime Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Amplifies HLA alleles and detects their presence using fluorescent dyes, providing CWD or 1-field low resolution results.
Indications Deceased donor, urgent platelet transfusion support, verification typing of unrelated stem cell donors already tested by NGS Testing schedule Deceased donor samples are processed 24/7. Email or phone laboratory if urgent processing is required Testing turnaround times* Testing TAT*
6 working days or per clinical/contractual requirement
- HLA antibody detection by Luminex
Technology LabScreen - Luminex xMAP microbead technology
Antibody screen – will detect whether Class I or II HLA antibodies are present in a serum sample
Antibody specificity – will detect and identify HLA Class I (A,B,C) and Class II (DR, DQ, DP) antibodies in a serum sample
Indications Solid organ transplantation, stem cell transplantation, transfusion support, platelet and neutrophil investigations
Depending on the clinical indication on the request will determine if antibody screen or specificity testing is performed.
Testing schedule Samples are processed in batches every business day. Email or phone laboratory if urgent processing is required. Testing turnaround times* Testing TAT*
5 working days or per clinical/contractual requirement
- Lymphocyte crossmatch by flow cytometry
Technology Flow cytometry crossmatch— a sensitive assay to detect the binding of recipient antibodies to donor cells Indications Solid organ living donation (LDD or KPD/ANZKX) and stem cell transplantation (where requested) Testing schedule Samples are processed per clinical requirements. Email or phone laboratory if urgent processing is required. Testing turnaround times* Testing TAT*
3 working days or per clinical/contractual requirement
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- Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R antibody)
Technology ELISA- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Test used to determine if antibodies directed against the Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) are present in patient serum or plasma.
Testing laboratory SA (SATIS) only Indications Solid organ. AT1R antibody screening is used to identify patients at particular risk for irreversible acute or chronic allograft injuries which may lead to graft rejection if not treated. Request form This test is cost recovered. For post-transplant testing, we recommend to also include a request for testing on a pre-transplant serum if not already performed. Storage and transport Transport serum at Room Temperature Testing schedule Samples are batched and testing is performed weekly on Thursdays. Email or phone laboratory if urgent processing is required. Testing turnaround times* Testing TAT*
10 working days or per clinical/contractual requirement
* Clinical teams / requesting doctors must contact TIS Laboratories to request samples to be processed urgently.
* Testing results are typically reported within 3 working days (1 day for urgent samples) or to meet clinical requirements. Where multiple tests are required to issue a single report, the 3 working days to issue a report is calculated from completion of the last test.
Updated March 2026