Red cell transfusions

Red cells look a bit like doughnuts but with an indented centre instead of a hole. 

They give blood its colour and make up 40% of your total blood volume. A protein called haemoglobin makes them red.

Red cells have two main functions:

• Carrying oxygen to all parts of your body, and
• Removing waste products such as carbon dioxide from your body.

If you develop severe anaemia, a red cell transfusion may be needed. Anaemia is the medical term for low haemoglobin (not enough red blood cells). Anaemia can be caused by a few things:

• Cancer and cancer treatments (including chemotherapy) can affect your body’s ability to make new red blood cells.
• An operation or injury if a large amount of blood is lost, resulting in low numbers of red cells.
• Blood problems can cause a lower number of red cells to be made or the red cells that are made may not work properly.
• Having a baby can result in iron deficiency and blood loss during delivery.

Certain treatments or operations can’t be safely carried out without a red cell transfusion. However, if other care options are available, they should be used.

For example, some causes of anaemia (like low iron levels) may be managed by treating the anaemia instead of giving a red cell transfusion. In that case, your doctor may recommend iron supplements instead.